Available in sizes: 30ml and 50ml with glass dropper or 100ml, in pump bottle. All sizes are boxed.

More about Retinol:

The biologically active form of vitamin A is retinoic acid or tretinoin (Retin-A). This has been shown to help epidermal proliferation and modify keratin synthesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen metabolism. Applying topical retinoic acid has been widely shown to improve fine and coarse wrinkling, roughness and pigmentation.

Only the less potent forms of vitamin A are available without prescription and these include: retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinyl palmitate, (both esters are used in this product). All vitamin A derivatives, including the esters, are converted in the skin to the biologically active form.

A well known study by Varani et al found that retinol effectively improved the extracellular matrix of ageing skin. 1% retinol was applied for 7 days on people aged over 80 and the skin samples revealed increased fibroblast growth and collagen synthesis. Antille et al reported a study where retinyl palmitate was applied to skin exposed to UVB rays and it inhibited the formation of thymine dimers, equivalent to SPF 20. Other studies have found a significant reduction of wrinkles and surface roughness of ‘smile lines’ beside the eyes.

More about Ceramides:

Ceramides are vital for retaining the skin barrier’s strength and function and make up 50% of the skin’s lipid layer. If skin cells are the bricks, then this lipid layer is the mortar, holding them in place. When this become dry or impaired, the ‘bricks’ may become unstable too. As ceramides in the skin decrease with age, so the skin becomes more susceptible to atopic dermatitis, sun damage, scaly patches (ichthyosis) and increasingly, even drier skin. Restoring ceramides helps regain the moisture balance and slow transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Homeostasis of the skin barrier needs a ratio of: 50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 15% free fatty acids. Whilst it’s difficult to add topical cholesterol effectively, phytosterols are plant-derived compounds and have a structure similar to cholesterol and can mimic its functions. We have used green tea, lemon balm and borage, well known for these useful compounds.

There are twelve types of ceramides which do different things. Those most beneficial for skin hydration are:Types: 1, 3 and 6-II (EOS, NP and AP). These three are central to the Ceramide Repair Aesthetic Gel. We use those derived from from rice bran (not from animals or the synthetically made pseudoceramides).

Ceramide 1 (EOS): helps form and maintain the skin barrier’s integrity. It assists in preventing water loss and keeps skin moisturised.

Ceramide 3 (NP): maintains the skin's protective barrier, retains moisture and prevents irritants from penetrating the skin.

Ceramide 6-II (AP): enhances suppleness, and protects the skin from environmental aggressors.

More About Niacinamide (Vitamin B3):

A study of women aged 45 to 60 applied topical niacinamide daily to one side of their face and compared it to the other side as a control for 12 weeks, there were significant improvements in fine lines and wrinkles, elasticity, hyper-pigmented spots, red blotchiness, and skin yellowing. There was also quantitative improvement in elasticity.

More about Turmeric extract:

Tetrahydrocurcumin (turmeric) has the strongest antioxidant activity of all curcuminoids and it is very useful in countering UVB damage. It delivers broad-spectrum, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.